However, so as to course of action the crystal is rather Innovative manufacturing techniques are needed. Because the dawn of this crystal, working on this problem, we are actually the sole firm on the globe which might be processed in this crystal.
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According to the proof-of-basic principle experiment, the conversion efficiency of 23% implied the possibility of obtaining significant-power at the second Stokes wavelength from the Raman laser. In the event the pump laser of 1078 nm may be acquired at the common electricity of 50 W, the output power of its 2nd Stokes wavelength at 1512 nm could possibly be over 10 W. The look with the Raman laser cavity must be optimized in an effort to avoid the damage with the M1 and diamond area.
By way of example, The present concave OC could be replaced by a plane mirror which could mitigate the ability density around the surface area of M1 as well as the diamond. What's more, working with superior injury threshold coatings for M1 and diamond would also improve the output power with none damages. Then, the NIR laser for the 2nd Stokes wavelength may very well be superior enough, and also its fantastic beam high-quality, to generate the final DUV laser at 193 nm that has a large normal power.
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As a result of thermal lens impact in the stable-condition lasers, When the heating administration is inadequate, It's not at all easy to get the solid-condition laser by using a significant electricity and a substantial beam quality concurrently. Not long ago, with the event of the thin disk laser and single-crystal fiber (SCF) laser, a large-electric power laser at the elemental wavelength (one μm) were realized with a superb beam high-quality even with a TEM00 mode beam [four,24], which might be good candidates for the fundamental from the DUV laser generation. An additional prospect for the elemental is the high-power fiber laser which can be attained by coherent beam mixture with M2 value fewer than one.
On another side, the facility scaling on the NIR laser is an additional aspect to enhance the normal electrical power of the 193-nm DUV laser. Mainly because of the insufficient the high-power amplification Option from the NIR laser (such as at 1553 nm), nonlinear frequency processes for instance optical parameter oscillation (OPO) could possibly be placed on build a wavelength converter check here by shifting the wavelength from 1 μm to the desired wavelength and also getting relative higher electrical power [21]. A short while ago, a diamond Raman laser showed its capability in reaching a higher energy along with a significant conversion efficiency within the 1st Stokes from the one-μm laser [22,23], which suggests the chance to be used within the 193-nm DUV laser era due to its superior Raman attain and large frequency shift.
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The pulse period of the next Stokes light-weight was shortened to 5 ns as revealed in Figure 7a, one-shot picture within the oscilloscope, which can be a standard phenomenon in Raman laser [forty four] whilst the heart beat period in the pump laser was ten ns.
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The beam profile demonstrated in Determine 7b shown a very good beam quality as one of many merits of Raman laser, which would be advantageous to create a 193-nm DUV laser with a high quality beam.
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